8. Image Credits

Introduction: The Blue Planet

Earthrise seen over the lunar limb during Apollo 11 mission to the moon in July 1969
Astronaut photography

Image Science and Analysis Laboratory, The Gateway to Astronaut Photography of Earth, NASA - Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas 77058, USA

URL: Mission AS11, photo frame 6552

Last access: 22.02.2008

View of the earth as seen by the Apollo 17 crew travelling toward the moon
Astronaut photography. The hemisphere is completely illuminated by the sun, opposite to the viewing direction of the camera. The African continent is almost completely visible, its colours vary between the yellow deserts and dark green in the tropical rain forests.

Image Science and Analysis Laboratory, The Gateway to Astronaut Photography of Earth, NASA - Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas 77058, USA

URL: Mission AS17, 7 December 1972, photo frame 6552

Last access: 22.02.2008

Rainbow in the sky over a port entrance
Photograph, harbour of Wilhelmshaven, Germany, 8 June 2001

Svetlana Patsaeva, Moscow State University, Russia

1. Light and Radiation

A sinusoidal wave moving from left to right
Applet

The animation is a Wikimedia Commons file created by User: Evil saltine under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation Licence, Version 1.2.

URL: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Simple_harmonic_motion_animation.gif

Last access: 22.02.2008

Periodicity along the distance x of a sinusoidal wave
Graph

Rainer Reuter, University of Oldenburg, Germany

Periodicity in time t of a sinusoidal wave
Graph

Rainer Reuter, University of Oldenburg, Germany

The spectrum of light and radiation over the frequency and wavelength in logarithmic scales
Graph

Rainer Reuter, University of Oldenburg, Germany

The spectrum of visible light at wavelengths from 400 to 750 nm
Graph

Rainer Reuter, University of Oldenburg, Germany

Meteosat-8 image of the earth at 800 nm wavelength, 12 February 2008.
Meteosat-8 image taken on 12 February 2003, Channel 02 VIS0.8 at 0.8 μm wavelength.

EUMETSAT, Darmstadt, Germany; Image Gallery, Fulldisk Images.

Last access: 20.06.2008

Meteosat-8 image of the earth at 6.2 μm wavelength, 6 March 2004.
Meteosat-8 image taken on 6 March 2004, Channel 05 WV6.2 at 6.2 μm wavelength.

EUMETSAT, Darmstadt, Germany; Image Gallery, Fulldisk Images. Modification: The original blue image is converted to a greyscale image.

Last access: 20.06.2008

Meteosat-7 image of the earth at 10.5 - 12.5 μm wavelength.
Meteosat-7 image taken on 20 October 1998, IR Channel.

EUMETSAT, Darmstadt, Germany; Image Gallery, Fulldisk Images. Modification: The original orange image is converted to a greyscale image.

Last access: 20.06.2008

Ultraviolet image of the earth taken by the Apollo 16 astronauts in April 1972 with the Far UV Camera/Spectrograph deployed on the moon.
Image taken by the Apollo 16 astronauts with the Far UV Camera / Spectrograph deployed on the moon in April 1972.

NASA Johnson Space Center

URL: http://images.jsc.nasa.gov/luceneweb/caption_direct.jsp?photoId=S72-40821

Last access: 20.06.2008

A plane monochromatic wave propagating from left to right along the x-axis
Graph and animated gif

Rainer Reuter, University of Oldenburg, Germany

Periodicity of the electric field E along the distance x
Graph

Rainer Reuter, University of Oldenburg, Germany

Periodicity of the electric field E in time t
Graph

Rainer Reuter, University of Oldenburg, Germany

Electric field E(t) plotted over time t (blue line), and its square E²(t) (red line) ...
Graph

Rainer Reuter, University of Oldenburg, Germany

Colour and brightness in the sky
Photograph, 24 March 2008

Rainer Reuter, University of Oldenburg, Germany

The light of a lamp, whose brightness and colour can be changed variably is directed to a light detector
Graph

Silja Banaschewski and Rainer Reuter, University of Oldenburg, Germany

Counter (upper picture) and oscilloscope (lower picture) in our experiment showing signals of the light detector
Photograph and video, 20 November 2008

Rainer Reuter, University of Oldenburg, Germany

Comet Hale-Bopp image, taken on 11 March 1997 with a 20 cm reflector telescope
Photograph

Photograph from the website http://www.usno.navy.mil/pao/HBPIX.html of the U.S. Naval Observatory, Image taken by Geoff Chester.

URL: http://www.usno.navy.mil/pao/hb031197.jpg

Last access: 02 December 2008

The spectrum of visible light over the wavelength and the photon energy
Graph

Rainer Reuter, University of Oldenburg, Germany

Response of human S, M and L cones which are sensitive to blue, green and red light, plotted versus the wavelength of stimulating light
Graph, re-plotted from: Jeremy Nathans, 1999: The evolution and physiology of human color vision: Insights from molecular genetic studies of visual pigments. Neuron, 24: 299-312

Rainer Reuter, University of Oldenburg, Germany

View at the colours of the earth through a window of the International Space Station ISS.
Photo of the astronaut Karen Nyberg during mission STS-124

NASA

URL: STS-124 Gallery, image 18

Last access: 19 July 2010

A filter wheel with five optical filters for spectral measurements in the laboratory
Photograph

Rainer Reuter, University of Oldenburg, Germany

Backlighted photo of the filter wheel...
Photograph

Rainer Reuter, University of Oldenburg, Germany

Bands 1 (blue-green), 2 (gree-yellow) and 3 (red) of a TM scene taken over central Italy...
Graph

Rainer Reuter, University of Oldenburg, Germany

mit Verwendung von Daten des Image Catalogue Viewer der ESA